January 31 — most recipient copies are due, and the 1099-NEC is due at the IRS. The NEC gets no automatic extension.
February 28 — the 1099-QA's own deadline. ABLE distribution returns keep the paper date: e-filing does not move it.
March 15 — the 1042-S season: withholding agents file with the IRS and furnish the recipient copies the same day. E-filing does not move this one either.
March 31 — the IRS e-file deadline for most other forms in the family. On paper the deadline is February 28; e-filing buys the extra month — except for the 1099-QA and 1042-S above.
May 31 — the 5498 family (5498, 5498-SA, 5498-ESA, 5498-QA) has its own season, because most of it reports contributions made through the April tax deadline.
Form 8809 — a 30-day extension for most information returns: automatic for most forms including the 1042-S (where a second request may follow), but not automatic for the 1099-NEC.
What late filing costs
The IRS charges per form, in three steps: one rate if you file within 30 days of the deadline, a higher one until August 1, and the highest after August 1 — or if you never file.
Intentional disregard is penalized far more heavily, with no annual cap.
The recipient copy carries its own, separate penalty.
The amounts are adjusted for inflation every year — check the IRS's current schedule rather than a number printed somewhere.
Enter your records early and schedule the release — checkout does the deadline math and warns you before anything would file late.